Manchester, England/manchester618

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Henry Moseley performed his first X-ray work here in conjunction with Charles Galton Darwin (1887-1962), grandson of the famous Charles Darwin. Moseley and Darwin developed the X-ray techniques necessary for the atomic numbers work. Then they separated their research efforts, and Moseley would develop his X-ray plots independently. Moseley in 1913 measured the high-frequency (X-ray) spectra of the Row 3 elements calcium through zinc (except scandium) that established the concept of atomic numbers. Two confusing elements in Row 3 were cobalt and nickel, whose atomic weights indicated cobalt was higher ranking, but whose chemistry suggested the reverse; Moseley's work proved cobalt indeed had the lower atomic number. Moseley left Manchester at the end of 1913 to finish the work at Oxford, notably to unravel the problem of the rare earths {LINK: Oxford937}.