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Case B. This apparatus was used to measure the molecular weight of the thorium emanation. Originally it was thought that perhaps emanation was simply air-borne thorium or radium in vapor form. For this experiment Rutherford used radium with its longer half-life. From diffusion experiments he concluded the weight was between 40-100; this value was in error and an accurate value was later obtained in the laboratory of Ramsay {LINK: London2D-80}.